Free forging has low productivity and large machining allowance, but the tool is simple and versatile, so it is widely used to forge single-piece and small-batch forgings with simpler shapes. Free forging equipment includes air hammer, steam-air hammer and hydraulic press, which are suitable for the production of small, medium and large forgings. Die forging has high productivity, simple operation and easy mechanization and automation. Die forgings have high dimensional accuracy, small machining allowances, and more reasonable fiber organization for forgings, which can further increase the service life of parts.
Basic process of free forging: During free forging, the shape of the forging is gradually forged into the blank through some basic deformation processes. The basic processes of free forging include upsetting, drawing, punching, bending and cutting.
1. Upsetting Upsetting is the process of forging the original blank in the axial direction to reduce its height and increase its cross-section. This process is commonly used for forging gear blanks and other disc-shaped forgings. Upsetting is divided into two types of upsetting and local forging.
2. Drawing length Drawing length is a forging process that increases the length of the blank and reduces the cross section. It is usually used to produce shaft blanks, such as lathe spindles and connecting rods.
3. Punching The forging process of punching through-holes or non-through-holes on the blank with a punch.
4. Bending A forging process that bends the billet into a certain angle or shape.
5. Twisting A forging process in which one part of the billet is rotated at an angle relative to the other.
6. Cutting The forging process that divides the blank or cuts the blank.